Irish migration to Great Britain Research Paper

Irish movement to Great Britain - Research Paper Example Irish individuals have a long and significant history of movement to Great Britain. The movement is because of financial necessities, political impulses and land area. The memorable angle that quickens the relocation procedure since the eleventh century has differed sway on the economy of Great Britain. After numerous political and geological changes and divisions, the current position is that Ireland has two elements. Free Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, that remaining parts some portion of Great Britain. This long affiliation and disassociation, has brought about millions or Irish individuals turning out to be occupants of Great Britain and they can be distinguished through their Irish heritage. As the movement procedure proceeds with unabated, Irish individuals have become the biggest minority bunch in Great Britain and this position is being continued for a considerable length of time. Aside from others, vicinity and work factors are the significant purposes behind Iris h movement to Great Britain and it is going on unabated with discontinuous high and lows. Financial conditions overwhelm the location of relocation With the Great Famine of the 1840s and potato crop disappointments on a common premise, departures for a mammoth scope happen. Around a million people move and an equivalent number of them kick the bucket in Ireland because of craving and poor monetary conditions. Relocation on a major scale happens for the second time during the period 1930-1960, as the Irish individuals are attempting to escape from the urgently poor financial conditions, following the foundation of the Irish Free State. Then again, conditions are good in Great Britain that encourages movement from Ireland. With the quick industrialization in Great Britain, interest for work is extraordinary and the household and developments organizations rely upon work. Particularly in the development business, the commitment of the Irish work is glorious and this has been recognized by the concerned experts in Great Britain. Occasional movement for a particular period is likewise stylish and they are known as reap works. London represents the greatest Irish populace and they are packed in the County Kilburn region of North West London. Liverpool, Birmingham, and Manchester are the other significant urban communities in England that own a decent lump of Irish populace. Irish populace in Scotland and Wales is additionally significant. There are an unknown number of individuals of Irish family in Great Britain and some different urban areas with Irish populace are, Cardiff, Coventry, Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Coat connect, Leeds, Lupton, Middleborough, Preston, Portsmouth and Sunderland. â€Å"Genealogy has gotten tremendously mainstream all through the world in ongoing decades yet has since a long time ago had a significant situation in Ireland. A considerable lot of the enduring medieval Gaelic compositions are records of the family of significant, amazing Irish families.†(Murphy) Due to some significant reasons that are not part of the way of life of typical strategies of movement, it is difficult to choose the specific elements of Irish relocation to Great Britain. Ireland stays under British guideline for a considerable length of time, and despite the legitimate arrangements to render the procedure of digestion of the Irish in the standard society by banning them from claiming land, the feeling of family relationship continues. â€Å"Emigration has been a component of Irish society for a considerable length of time. There is another fantasy that migration started during and after the Incomparable Famine 1846 - 52. In any case, in certainty the Irish had been increasing sticks and moving some time before that.† (Murphy) The procedure has been relentless because of either reason. It is frequently overlooked that until 1922 Ireland was a piece of the UK, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. As such they were very much the same nation and movement between the two islands was ordinary. Thusly records of Irish conceived are basic in British common, ward and di fferent records. Surely one-6th of all occupants of the UK

Global Strategy and ENtering Foreign Markets Essay

List of chapters Official Summary Regularly when an organization is hoping to extend its activities to remote markets they have a general objective to make income and increment benefit. Entering new markets can be a phenomenal open door for organizations to use center abilities and increment incentive to the organization. This paper will characterize worldwide procedure and research the best methodologies to utilize while growing activities to global markets. Proposals and ends will likewise be characterized for when entering an outside market, along these lines growing tasks. As a result of the expanded rivalry in worldwide markets worldwide systems are increasingly significant then ever. When building up a system not exclusively does an organization manage lower cost pressures, yet in addition pressures for neighborhood responsiveness, and a need to adjust to contrasts in customer inclinations. This additionally can change the manner in which the business on an entire is completed. An organization must pick a system that will assist it with besting adjust to those weights, just as one that stays lined up with its general key objectives. Going into another worldwide market appears to be a smart thought for most organizations, yet requires bunches of research and intending to be fruitful. The principal choice to be made is the thing that market to enter. New developing markets with enormous populaces take into account proceeded with financial development and a chance to increase the value of an item. The planning and size of passage into a market can be likewise significant, for some organizations in another market the principal mover advantage is one that accompanies loads of advantages, including catch of piece of the overall industry. On the off chance that the organization infiltrates the market with a critical nearness they are probably going to make an impression on shoppers that they are in the market as long as possible. Choosing a method of section into another market intensely depends on the company’s center skills, and how much control is wanted. For certain organizations, making a key coalition with a contender is the best passage strategy into another market. By making a collusion with a contender permits an organization to enter another market with less hazard, and furthermore offers the chance to find out about the new market from the union accomplice. Presentation Worldwide markets have become progressively serious as of late as a result of advancement of exchange and venture situations. Because of this, organizations entering the worldwide commercial center must be progressively key to make a benefit. â€Å"A organization must have a technique to diminish costs and make an incentive just as to separate its items from others, so as to be beneficial in today’s remote markets.† It is profoundly significant for an organization to work to lessen costs while, simultaneously increment the apparent estimation of its items and separate item contributions, in contrast with its rivals. By making more an incentive on a company’s items, the more its clients will spend. By making an item that is all the more speaking to the shopper through plan, usefulness, and quality, just as bringing costs down to deliver the item, an organization can make an incentive according to the buyer. The essential exercises associated with making an incentive for an item are innovative work, creation of items, showcasing and deals, and the administration and backing being given to the clients. Due to contrasts between the business sectors in different nations it is possibly helpful â€Å"for each worth creation movement to be based where factor conditions are generally definitive to the exhibition of that activity,† in any case know as area economies. By doing this, the organization is moving in the direction of a minimal effort methodology for esteem creation. At the point when a firm is thinking about entering a market in a remote nation, it should cautiously choose what market to enter, when to enter, and at what scale it ought to enter. These choices ought to be vigorously founded on since quite a while ago run development and benefit potential inside the market. A firm will regularly venture into universal markets trying to gain more noteworthy come back from their in novative or director know-how; likewise know as a firm’s center competency. Just as being confronted with many cost decrease pressures, an organization growing internationally is additionally liable to be confronted with pressures for neighborhood responsiveness. While working together in another nation there will probably be a distinction in client inclinations that should be met, contrasts in framework, and the method of working together, for example, dissemination channels. Finally, any requests that might be made by the host government (guidelines) must be contemplated also. These are generally factors that should be viewed as when an organization is mulling over growing to remote markets, and picking a appropriate worldwide technique. Worldwide Strategy Technique is characterized as any moves a supervisor makes to achieve the company’s objectives. The primary objective for a company’s system is by and large to amplify their benefit. Because of expanded rivalry in numerous outside business sectors, organizations are compelled to take a gander at all of these procedures and see which are best for them when pushing ahead in the worldwide commercial center, to be best. Key Choices A firm will for the most part utilize one of four fundamental procedures to enter and contend inside the worldwide commercial center. They are as per the following: International Strategy, Multi-household Strategy, Global Strategy, or a Transnational Strategy. The technique an organization picks can rely on the amount it needs to reduce expenses, and the distinctions it must adjust to inside the new market. An organization picking an International Strategy attempts to make an incentive by carrying significant aptitudes and items to worldwide markets where contenders don’t utilize similar abilities. The organization will move effective items to outside business sectors, while additionally making some neighborhood customization. For an organization following a universal technique, numerous choices including assembling and advertising choices, will be limited to the nation that they are working together in. A case of an organization utilizing a global procedure is McDonald’s. In Japan they offer old top picks just as the Korean KBQ Burger. At the point when an organization picks a Multi-local methodology many key duties and choices become confined. The item contributions, showcasing procedure and business system are redone to be fruitful in each market. Alongside this methodology comes a mindset where the executives considers all to be tasks as autonomous organizations inside the firms’ portfolio. A downside of this system is on the grounds that new worth creation exercises are utilized inside each market. An organization may not get advantage from the experience bend advantages, and end up with a significant expense structure. Organizations seeking after a Global Strategy are commonly likewise seeking after an ease system. Along these lines, the organization by and large won't tweak the item contributions between various remote markets. A worldwide firm will lean toward a standard arrangement of items offered through the entirety of its business sectors whereâ they can utilize the cost bit of leeway to take into account forceful estimating strategies in outside commercial centers. In light of the serious idea of numerous commercial centers far and wide numerous organizations must choose the option to utilize a transnational technique. For an organization that utilizes this system, it includes center around decreasing costs, moving abilities and items to new markets, and expanding neighborhood responsiveness. On account of the entirety of the weights that are engaged with a transnational technique, they can be troublesome and complex to execute. Vital Alliances â€Å"As contradicted to a firm entering a remote market on it’s own, they may frame a key union with a potential or real competitor.† A vital union is characterized as a helpful understanding among contenders from various nations. By making a vital union with a contender, an organization can all the more effectively enter another remote market. Inside a vital union an organization will impart many fixed expenses to the collusion accomplice organization, which can likewise possibly decrease operational costs, for example, preparing and buying costs. In light of these components a vital partnership can be advantageous for an organization making progress toward a general objective of bringing down expenses. â€Å"The coalition is participation or joint effort, which focuses on a collaboration where each accomplice trusts that the advantages from the partnership, will be more noteworthy than those from individual efforts.† Although a vital union has numerous advanta ges for a firm that is entering a market they have never contended in, there are likewise chances that ought to be thought of. There’s the chance of giving contenders minimal effort access to new innovation and markets, which they might not have approached previously. It is likewise significant for an organization to pick the correct accomplice to guarantee they are profiting similarly from the coalition. The best possible accomplice for a firm will help accomplish its own vital objectives, however will likewise have a mutual vision with the end goal of the partnership. Any organization that is hoping to enter a key partnership with a contending organization ought to do a legitimate personal investigations with open sources, and anybody that has perhaps worked with the other firm before. It is likewise critical to become acquainted with the potential accomplice before quickly making a partnership to guarantee the science is directly between the supervisory crews. When a partnership has been made it is significant for it to be overseen appropriately, so as to be effective in itsâ overall vital objectives. It is imperative for the once contending organizations engaged with the key collusion, to construct trust with each other. On the off chance tha t there isn’t shared trust worked inside the relationship it â€Å"†¦can lead to rivalry instead of participation, to loss of serious information, to clashes coming about because of incongruent societies and goals, and to decreased administration control.† Sometimes bui

Military A beautiful true love story

Military A beautiful true love story One day, a young guy and a young girl fell in love.But the guy came from a poor family. The girl’s parents weren’t too happy.So the young man decided not only to court the girl but to court her parents as well. In time, the parents saw that he was a good man and was worthy of their daughter’s hand. But there was another problem: The man was a soldier. Soon, war broke out and he was being sent overseas for a year. The week before he left, the man knelt on his knee and asked his lady love, “Will you marry me?” She wiped a tear, said yes, and they were engaged. They agreed that when he got back in one year, they would get married.But tragedy struck. A few days after he left, the girl had a major vehicular accident. It was a head-on collision.When she woke up in the hospital, she saw her father and mother crying. Immediately, she knew there was something wrong.She later found out that she suffered brain injury. The part of her brain that controlled her face muscles was damage d. Her once lovely face was now disfigured. She cried as she saw herself in the mirror. “Yesterday, I was beautiful. Today, I’m a monster.” Her body was also covered with so many ugly wounds.Right there and then, she decided to release her fiancé from their promise. She knew he wouldn’t want her anymore. She would forget about him and never see him again.For one year, the soldier wrote many lettersâ€"but she wouldn’t answer. He phoned her many times but she wouldn’t return her calls.But after one year, the mother walked into her room and announced, “He’s back from the war.”The girl shouted, “No! Please don’t tell him about me. Don’t tell him I’m here!”The mother said, “He’s getting married,” and handed her a wedding invitation.The girl’s heart sank. She knew she still loved himâ€"but she had to forget him now.With great sadness, she opened the wedding invitation.And then she saw her name on it!Confused, she asked, “What is this?”That was when the young man entered her room with a bouquet of flowers. He knelt beside her and asked, “Will you marry me?”The girl covered her face with her hands and said, “I’m ugly!”The man said, “Without your permission, your mother sent me your photos. When I saw your photos, I realized that nothing has changed. You’re still the person I fell in love. You’re still as beautiful as ever. Because I love you!”Author Unknown

Comparsion of Three Renaissance Paintings and Sculptures...

The Renaissance was big part of the past era even today we still have festivals celebrating the Renaissance. I am going to compare and contrast the difference between three different paintings and sculptures that were a big part of the Renaissance era. The Limbourg brothers were both born in the Netherlands, but worked in France. They featured calendars of religious feast days; these calendars are richly embellished with finely detailed scenes of activities and tasks associated with certain months and seasons of the year. In the first painting called May, you can see a parade of aristocratic gentleman and ladies who have come out in their bright and colorful, bejeweled costumes to celebrate the first day of May. In the painting you can†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"There were specific criteria for the competition panel to which all submissions had to conform. In addition to the Abraham and Isaac story, complete with all of its figures within a four-lobed frame† (pg 384). Andrea Pisano had already fashioned one of the doors in the 1330’s and the idea was to match the new with the old. Brunelleschi’s version was very expressive and barely contained the Gothic-style frame. In his piece of work you see Abraham lunging for Isaac’s throat with a knife, then you see an angel coming at the same moment to grab Abraham’s arm to stop him from slashing his son’s throat and killing him. â€Å"Isaac’s head had been wrenched to the side to expose his neck and his whole body is compressed between the harsh stone of the sacrificial altar on which he kneels and the strength of his father bearing down on him† (pg 394). You can see a ram stuck in the thicket and just lies in front of Isaac and at the bottom you see a donkey along with two servants. â€Å"Brunelleschi’s work is by far more dramatic and disturbing, all angels and movement and raw emotion, like nothing that had ever been created before†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [Walker 22-23]. Then you have Ghiberti’s panel that is of the same subject, but completely different in all possible ways. You see Abraham body that echoes the shape of the rock and then lunges toward Isaac in a dynamic counterthrust. In the same instance Isaac

Double Victory A Multicultural History of America in...

In the United States World War II has been one of the most remembered wars of all time. Acclaimed historian Ronald Takaki asserts that for many Americans, World War II was fought for a â€Å"double victory†: on the battlefront as well as on the home front. Takaki’s book Double Victory: A Multicultural History of America in World War II reminds the audience that there was much, much more happening at home and on the frontlines during World War II than in the battlefield. Takaki presents a strong central argument; it illuminates the incongruity of Americas own oppressive behavior toward minorities at home, even while proclaiming the role in World War II as a fight against oppression abroad. It also pays tribute to the determination and perseverance of ethnically diverse Americans in their two-front war against prejudice and fascism. In addition Takaki tells the story through the lives of ethnically diverse Americans: Japanese Americans who felt betrayed by their own count ry when families were sent to internment camps; For African Americans, the war for freedom had to be fought in their country’s own backyard; a Navajo code talker who uses his complex native language to transmit secret battle messages and confound the Japanese, while his people are living in desperate poverty on a government reservation. Their dual struggle to defeat the enemy abroad and overcome racism at home gives the Double Victory its title and its texture. Takaki dedicates a section for each minority group inShow MoreRelatedThe World War 11 By Ronald Takaki Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesDouble Victory: Multicultural History of America in World War 11†, is a book written by Ronald Takaki was published in the early 2000s. Double Victory shows the wartime responses from many ethnic backgrounds as well as the war at home against racism and the war abroad against fascism. Takaki also shows the roles of; African-Americans, Native-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and Asian-Americans, during the war and the sacrifices made for their country. In Double Victory, Takaki introduces different revisionistRead MoreThe Navajo Code Talkers in World War II1536 Words   |  7 Pagestransmission began in World War I, with the Choctaw Indians (Meadows, â€Å"Honoring†). â€Å"Because the Native languages were not based on European languages or mathematical progressions, the Germans were never able to understand the transmissions† (Meadow s, â€Å"Honoring†). In fact, the Central Intelligence Agency called the Choctaw â€Å"instrumental† in the attacks on Germans in WWI (â€Å"Navajo- Unbreakable Code†). Because of this success, Native American code talkers were again called upon in World War II (Meadows, â€Å"Honoring†)Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBrier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M

Leopold Sedar Free Essays

Leopold Sedar Senghor (9 October 1906 – 20 December 2001) Leopold Sedar Senghor was born in Joal,  Afrique Occidentale Francaise  (French West Africa now Republic of Senegal), to a Serer (third largest ethnic group in Senegal) Father and Roman Catholic mother. In 1928 Senghor traveled to Paris to continue his studies on a partial scholarship. He became the first black African to become an  agrege, the top qualification for a teacher in the French education system, and became a professor of African languages and civilization at the  Ecole Nationale de la France d’Outre-Mer. We will write a custom essay sample on Leopold Sedar or any similar topic only for you Order Now When Senegal achieved independence in 1960, Senghor was elected its first president. He retired from the presidency on 31 December 1960. Senghor retired to France, became the first black African member of the French Academy in 1984, and published his memoir,  (‘That Which I Believe: Negritude, Frenchness, and Universal Civilization’) in 1988. He died at Verson, France, on 20 December 2001. Philosophy: Leopold Sedar Senghor believes that every African shares certain distinctive and innate characteristics, values and aesthetics. Negritude is the active rooting of an Black identity in this inescapable and natural African essence. (The major premise of Negritude is therefore that one’s biological make-up (race) defines one’s outer (skin color) as well as inner (spirit/essence) traits. It is a concept which holds that there is a ‘shared culture and subjectivity and spiritual essence’ among members of the same racial group. Instead of rejecting the (colonialist) theory that race defines one’s being; Negritude rejects the assumption that the African is inherently inferior to the â€Å"white man†. To Senghor, this makes Negritude a weapon against colonialism and an ‘instrument of liberation’. To Senghor, the African essence is externalized in a distinctive culture and philosophy. This claim is supported by Senghor’s assertion that Negritude – the rooting of identity in one’s natural essence – is ‘diametrically opposed to the traditional philosophy of Europe’ (the colonizer). To Senghor, European philosophy is ‘essentially static, objective†¦ It is founded on separation and opposition: on analysis and conflict’. In contrast, African philosophy is based on ‘unity’, balance, negotiation and an appreciation of ‘movement and rhythm’. Senghor’s idea of â€Å"Negritude† posits an essence for blacks who are intuitive, sensual, and creative. In other words, he argues that blacks have a unique essence, with out which the â€Å"civilization of the Universal† would be incomplete. (This is reminiscent of Du Bois’ belief that Blacks have a particular value to add to world history). This essence, according to Senghor, is opposite from the white essence, which is based in reason and objectivity. How to cite Leopold Sedar, Essay examples

How to Manage Business Activities to Achieve Result - Sample

Question: You are newly appointed a a managing director of 'ABC company', a recruitment company. Some of the issues in the ABC company are as follows: Managers blamed for ABC company.s deficits The report blames poor management. Inadequate leadership and ineffective management are the causes of the worst deficits in the company. The problems have lef to reduction of thousands of jobs, close services and delay operations. Further, senior officials had taken their eye "off the ball", relying on short-term fixes to solve growing financial problems. It is crucial that boards and management get the basics right because financial failure is often a reflection of wider organisational failure. With the above scenario, you are entrusted with the task of advising on changes to be made to the organisation. You are required to develop a number of business processes for ABC company to improve effectiveness and efficiency of the overall performance of company and provide solutions. Answer: Introduction Here in this assignment, the researcher will try to effectively discuss how effectively managing activities in the workplace help in enhancing efficiency and productivity of the organization. The present study will be focused on the management structure of ABC Company, a renowned recruitment organization. In the first part of the assignment, the researcher will try to review the existing organizational structure of and culture of ABC. The researcher will also explicitly discuss the aims, objectives and mission of the company. The researcher will also try to recommend plans for projecting organizational objectives and goals for the company and alignment opportunity of human and capital and other necessary resources. In the later part of the assignment, the researcher will critically depict the system requirements which ensure quality standards of the company. The researcher will also try to include discussion on the improvement opportunities for the company which will stay in perfect alignment with the goals and objectives of the company. Here at this juncture, the researcher will conduct a risk assessment according to the legislation, regulation of the company. In the concluding part of the assignment, the researcher will involve discussions on the health and safety policies of the company. Identification of all Major Positions in the Departments and Drawing of an organizational chart The organizational structure of ABC follows a decentralized and functional structure in which the management of the company follows a hierarchical pattern at the top of which stays Chief Operation Manager. Under the top hierarchical position of Chief Operation Manager, there are positions for Finance and Administration Manager, Sales Manager, Technical Manager and Human Resource Manager. Under the strict supervision of Finance and Administration Manager, the employees of the company from the finance and administration department operate. The company staffs who work in the finance department of the organization use to maintain a strict eye on the overall income and expenditure of the company. The administrative level employees of the company provide an overall monitoring process over the daily business activities of the organization. The Sales manager of ABC Company has the responsibility of handling a team of sales executives who use to visit the promising clients of the company in o rder to persuade them to avail the services of the company. The technical manager of the company has the responsibility of maintaining an overall control over the installed information system of the company. The technical manager, along with his/her technical team, has to successfully analyze the requirement of the present information system, the necessary improvement that the present system demands and the resource capacity that the company has with which it can successfully bring improvements in the system. The Human Resource Manager of ABC Company has the responsibility of recruiting the most competent workforce for the company. The HR manager of the company also has the duty of evaluating the performance of the employees, reviewing the salary structure of the employees, handling their grievances and providing proper training opportunity to them (Paul, 2011). Figure 1: Organizational Structure Chart (Source: Created By Author) The functional structure of the ABC Company operates through a clearly distinct style in which no body attached with a specific department of the company prefers to interfere in the activities of other departments. Still there are ample traces evident in which it is categorically found that the employees of the company maintain a healthy workplace culture. The employees of the company use to extend their hands of support for other employees and a sense of camaraderie is clearly traceable. The company has ample faith in its management line and thus leaves the authority of making organizational decision on the shoulders of the mangers. However the managers prefer to adopt a participative leadership style and involve the subordinate employees in the organizational decision making process. Despite the availability of a healthy organizational culture inn ABC, the company has to suffer immensely from operational inefficiency. It is often claimed that the inadequacy of competent management in the upper level of the organization and the ever existent financial demands compel ABC Company to operate through several ups and downs. The employees of the organization even have to suffer greatly due to the inefficiency of mangers of the company. The company needs to impart immediate improvements in the present organizational structure so that the effectiveness and the efficiency of the management level employees of the company can be greatly enhanced (Uri.edu, 2015). Explanation of and Relationship between different Functions/Processes: ABC Company follows a functionalist organizational structure in which the employees of the organization are organized according to the roles which they are going to play in the company. The employees working in a particular linear structure of the company uses to perform same organizational duties and report to a single frontline manager. The companys each and every distinct department is usually managed by the head of that very department. The head of each and every department of the organization is answerable to the companys Chief Operations Manager. However, in case of making necessary decisions regarding the very operation of the department, the head of that very department has been given the responsibility of making the final decision. The employees of the organizations working in the different departments of the organization often have to involve themselves in collaborative work and a distinct sense of camaraderie is evident among the employees of the company (Page, 2010). Aims, Objectives and Missions of ABC Company and a Process Map As far as the aims of the ABC Company are concerned, the mission statement of the company clearly exposes that the company has the aim to provide quality service to its customers. The company wants to provide proper job opportunity to those who use to come with high hope to the recruitment company. The company tries to place its candidates only in those organizations where the candidate can gain ample opportunity of growth in their respective organizational position (Rieley, 2014). The company has a mission to provide improved level of customer satisfaction by fulfilling the commitment it uses to make for its customers. As far as the business objectives of ABC Company are concerned, the company wants to achieve a handsome 10% growth in the UK market within the coming five years of time. The company wants to enhance its client base at least by 15 % within the next three years of time. The company has a plan of business expansion in developing countries like China and India. The compan y is particularly careful about reducing the volume its customer complaint by an understandable margin. There are various business processes distinct in the very structure of ABC Company. The activities of the company can be broadly divided in three business processes. The processes are management process, operational process and supporting process. The researcher in this present study will try to critically discuss the supporting process of the company which tries to provide effective help to the operational process of the company. Among the major support processes of the company, the one which can get a special mention in this present study specifically deal with the selection of industries in which the company can find ample recruitment opportunities for its clients. The market survey executives of the company use to conduct a filtering process through which they try to highlight those companies from the very industry which have ample openings for bright and talented individuals. The process map of the very support activity can be successfully drawn in the following way: Figure 2: Support Process Map (Source: Created by Author) Elements Required Building a Quality Gateway In order to identify those elements which can build a quality gateway, it is really important to have a look at the Critical Success Factors (CSF) which ABC Company possesses. The CSF will enable the researcher to understand the quality of the companys final output. Among the major CSF of ABC, the first one is probably the companys ability to provide company specific recruitment to its clients. The company provides its clients the opportunity to select not only the industry in which they want to go to but also the specific company in which the clients wish to find a place. The second important critical success factors of ABC probably its successful implementation of an information system by accessing which the clients themselves can understand the present status of their recruitment process. The IT based system of the company allows its clients to apply online to their preferred jobs (Lewis et al. 2009). There is no doubt that the companys information system provides quick solutions to the grievances of the customers. The company, however, fails to maintain an operational efficiency due to the inability of the human resources of the company in providing speedy human operational processes. The third important critical success factor of ABC brings to the fore the closeness of the company with the various associations of the business organizations operating in the different parts of the country. From this healthy relationship, the company gets benefitted in numerous ways. The business organizations of the country prefer to select candidates from this very recruiting company. Even the news of employment creation in those organizations comes quicker to this company. By evaluating the CSF of ABC Company, it can be easily concluded that the companys final output is not altogether free from faults. The company needs to make certain improvements in the final outcome so that quality gateway can be established (Lin, 2014). Plan to Promote Goals and Objectives for ABC Company By evaluating the primary objectives of ABC Company, it can easily be mentioned that there is a dire necessity of implementing a proper plan through which the company can successfully achieve its goals and objectives even by fulfilling legal, ethical and regulatory requirements. In the very first stage of the planning process, the company needs to determine its objectives properly. It is really important to have a proper destination in front of the eyes even before starring the journey of visiting the destination. In the very next stage of the planning process, the company needs to fix its course of action necessary to achieve the objectives. In the next level, it is really important for the company to analyze what resources it has in order to fulfill the actions. If the necessary resources are available, the company should go for the implementation of the plan (Page, 2010). Recommendations Related to the Alignment of People and Other Resources: The theoretical concept of SMART objective brings to the fore the fact that it is really necessary to ensure that the objective which a business organization fixes in front of it should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound (Armandi, 1981). Figure 3: SMART Objectives (Source: Cameron, 1980, pp76) By following the very concept of SMART objectives, ABC Company needs to fix its objectives wisely. As far as the specific objectives of the company are concerned, the company should make subtle changes in the management pattern of the company. The company needs to reshuffle the managerial responsibilities among the existing manager and the newly appointed managers of the company. The measurable objective of the company should include that by 2018, the company should increase its existing client base by 15%. The achievable objectives of the company should include added customer satisfaction, better operational efficiency and speedy customer grievance handling process. The realistic objectives of ABC Company should include objectives like ensuring business growth in the UK market by 10% within 2020. The time bound objectives of the company could be like by 2020 the company will launch a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system which will successfully handle customer grievances and provide solutions to them in no time. Appropriate System to Achieve Objectives in the Most Efficient Way ABC Company should implement a proper system in order to fulfill both its short term and long term objectives. The company should design a system which will surely bring pace in the existing organizational operation process. The company can think of installing an IT based system which will increase the overall productivity and efficiency of the company to a great extent. The companys existing workforce should be given proper training about how to utilize this system. The new system should involve steady customer grievance handling process, easier process of application and online review of the vacancies that are available in the clients preferred sectors. Activities Meeting the Operational Plan through Effective Monitoring and Control In order to carry out the work activities which will help to ensure that the company is able to fulfill the demands of the customers to a great extent, it is essential to note the company is strictly following the operational plan and bring efficiency in the work process. The way in which the company can expect better efficiency in the existing organizational process should include the rectification measures in such a way that the chances of error can be reduced to a great extent (Paul, 2011). Systems required managing and monitoring Quality Standards of ABC Company In order to ensure the quality standard of ABC Company, the existing operational systems of the company needs to go through a transformation stage. It is indeed necessary to mention that the very first transformation should be imposed on the existing information system of the company. ABCs existing information system becomes back dated in compared to that of other recruitment agencies. In order to bring effectiveness and efficiency among the employees of the company, it is indeed necessary for the company to impart a tech based operational process which will automatically bring out the efficiency of the employees. Quality Culture to Ensure Continuous Monitoring, Evaluation and Development The operational efficiency of a business organization relies largely on the existing organizational culture of the company (Lin, 2014). A supportive and healthy organizational culture ensures increased efficiency and productivity from the employees of the very organization. Here, the managers and the employees of ABC Company is often charged with inefficiency. It is the employees and the managers of the company amongst them a sharp trace of unhealthy organizational culture is clearly evident. The maintenance of a healthy organizational culture will surely help them to increase their efficiency and a sense of fellow feeling and interdependence will help them to act as an entire unit. Recommended Improvements in alignment with the Organizations Objectives and Goals and Elements that Bring Continuous Improvements In order to bring healthy organizational culture in ABC Company, it can be recommended that the interconnectedness between the employees and the managers of the company needs to be increased. The employees and the managers of the organization have to give stress on the total unity of the organization. Here it is necessary to include that in the improvement plan section; it is recommended that the company should install a new information system which will successfully channelize information in every part of the organization. The very recommendation will prove to be effective here also as the new information system will enable the employees and the managers of the organization to clear miscommunication amongst them. Wider Implications of Proposed Changes within the Organization The wider implications of the impending changes can be felt in different ways. The impending changes would undoubtedly bring effective changes in the existing organization. Along with it, the changes will increase the overall productivity of the employees to a great extent. The changes will also help the organization to gain a well communicated set of workforce on whose shoulders the responsibility of the company can be undoubtedly bestowed The Way to Carry Out Risk Assessments Risk assessment is a procedure which needs to be implemented before every organizational transformation process (Jensen, 2003). Here also, it is equally necessary to check whether the companys existing operational function gets hampered due to this change implementation process or not. The implementation of a new information system will surely not bring any risk for ABC. However the company must have to ensure that it is not going to public any potential unsafe information. The Data Protection Act, 1998 should be strictly followed by the organization. Systematic Review of Organizational Health and Safety Policies and Procedures It is indeed necessary to review the existing health and safety policies of a business organization, as it ensures that the company is paying acute attention to the wellbeing of its employees (Camall, 2002). Here by evaluating the health and safety policies of ABC, it is found that the company is particularly careful about providing a safe workplace to the employees of the organization. However, in case of the providing medical benefits to the employees of the company, the company is only partially successful. Medical coverage is available only for those employees who are facing injury during the work hour. Practical Application of Health and Safety Policies and Procedures for ABC Company Certain improvement measures can be implemented in case of the safety and security policies of ABC Company. The company can think of implementing a medical coverage for its employees even when the employee is facing injury or physical harm outside the premises of the organization. The practical application of the health and safety policies of the company is indeed necessary to evoke faith in the minds of the employees. Conclusion Organizational productivity and effectiveness is a combined effort in which each and every part of a business organization must have to participate. The individual efficiency of the employees and the managers plays an important role in ensuring the desired performance of an organization. When an organization feels that its existing operation process is not in right shape, there is a necessity to implement changes in the organizational process and for this the business organization must have to formulate a proper planning. Reference Armandi, B. (1981). Organizational structure and efficiency. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America. Cameron, K. (1980). Critical questions in assessing organizational effectiveness. Organizational Dynamics, 9(2), pp.66-80. Carnall, C. (2002). Knowledge Management. Journal of Change Management, 3(2), pp.189-190. Jensen, B. (2003). The simplicity survival handbook. New York: Basic Books. Lewis, H., Lock, K. and Sexton, T. (2009). Organizational capability, efficiency, and effectiveness in Major League Baseball: 19012002. European Journal of Operational Research, 197(2), pp.731-740. Lin, P. (2014). A study on the expatriates, organizational justice, organizational commitment, job engagement, and organizational effectiveness. Acta Oeconomica, 64(s2), pp.53-68. Page, S. (2010). The power of business process improvement. New York: American Management Association. Paul, C. (2011). Alert and ready. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corp. Rieley, J. (2014). Building Alignment to Improve Organizational Effectiveness. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 33(5), pp.6-16. Uri.edu, (2015). Organizational Culture. [online] Available at: https://www.uri.edu/research/lrc/scholl/webnotes/Culture.htm [Accessed 26 Jan. 2015].

Compare 3 or 4 poems in which the writers convey feelings in striking and original ways Essay Example

Compare 3 or 4 poems in which the writers convey feelings in striking and original ways Essay In this essay, I will look at three poems and how the poet conveys the feelings in them. The first poem I will look at is To His Coy Mistress by a 17th century poet, Andrew Marvell. In this poem, unusual, violent imagery is conjured which I found very intriguing in a love poem. For the second poem, I will consider the feelings conveyed in Rapunzstiltskin by Liz Lochhead. This poem uses and original idea of mixing traditional fairy-tale elements with those of a more modern theme. The final poem will be i wanna be yours, written by John Cooper Clarke. I chose this poem to look at because it is striking in its use of everyday objects. In To His Coy Mistress, the main feeling I detected was that of lust. This is a poem of seduction in which the poet wants to have sex with his mistress. He applies pressure to her by saying she will die a virgin. Then worms shall try that long preserved virginity Line 27 That particular line is original and unexpected because it describes a strange, revolting and intimidating way for him to threaten and pressure his mistress. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare 3 or 4 poems in which the writers convey feelings in striking and original ways specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Compare 3 or 4 poems in which the writers convey feelings in striking and original ways specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Compare 3 or 4 poems in which the writers convey feelings in striking and original ways specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another striking idea that is used is the personification of time. But at my back I always hear, Times winged chariot hurrying near. Line 21. He is again threatening her, but this time with the loss of her beauty and he implies that if she gets any older, time will have run out. The poet uses another technique syllogism. I have never seen this used before, and it is an original technique of persuasion to give his arguments about why they should have sex now. The philosophy in the poem is Carpe Diem, which means Seize The Day. Another technique used is hyperbole. My vegetable love should grow Line 11 The meaning of the quote I chose to example hyperbole is as follows. When he mentions his vegetable love growing, he is implying that he is attracted to and aroused by his mistress. This was striking, as I didnt expect a metaphor such as that one to be used in a love poem. There are five main semantic fields in this poem which are time, body, power, death and sex. There are quotes below of each semantic field in the order that they are written above. Times winged chariot, breast, birds of prey, eternity, and virginity. The most powerful thing described in the poem is time, as it cannot be stopped. The man is trying to gain power over her and he wants her submission. Rapunzstiltskin also uses striking images. There are feelings of lust from both characters in the poem. The maiden has feelings of resentment, anger, disappointment and frustration. However, both sexes feelings are described in the poem not just the mans. This poem is original because of the mixing of traditional fairy tale elements with modern ideas. I love you? Line 46, is a fairy tale story element and Sort of gorgeous Line 17, is modern. This poem is almost allegorical, as it had hidden meanings about what its theme is. I think that the poet is trying to challenge traditional gender roles and the tower that the maiden is trapped in, is a metaphor for being confined to a gender stereotype. This metaphor was interesting and original because it took the fairy tale element of being trapped in a tower and I had never heard it used before. The ampersand used at the very start of the poem, suggests that it is half way through a story. It also gives an informal, chatty and colloquial style to the poem. Fireman in some soap opera. Line 17 The feelings in i wanna be yours, are contrasting. They could be about lust, or they could be about passion and the more romantic aspects of a relationship. This is the third poem that I have studied about a man wanting a woman. This poem has a completely modern style. It is written like a song, which is informal and very original. It could be compared to Rapunzstiltskin, as they both use colloquial language and have an informal attitude. The rhyme scheme and repetition used adds rhythm, and makes it cohesive. When the poet changes the pattern, it is striking and adds emphasis. It is a way of stressing or highlighting the points he wants to be important in the poem. Another way that this poem is original and striking is when he compares himself to everyday objects. As readers, we can relate to the items he mentions. As the woman involved sees the objects all the time, she will be reminded of him constantly. The twist at the end describes a love triangle between the man, his partner and another woman. i dont wanna be hers i wanna be yours. Line 30 This takes the reader by surprise, and was an original ending. All three poems were successful in conveying feelings in striking and original ways, but using different techniques. To His Coy Mistress works as a poem of persuasion, but not in the way that we would expect. It is mainly about a potential lover who is being bullied and threatened into sex by a man. Rapunzstiltskin is successful in making a point about breaking stereotypes and gender roles, and uses original, quite modern metaphors to describe fairy tale story elements. The poet showing how much he wants to be with the woman achieves the success of I wanna be yours, and he uses unusual comparisons of what he wants to be.

Battle of Contreras - Mexican-American War - Battle of Padierna - Winfield Scott

Battle of Contreras - Mexican-American War - Battle of Padierna - Winfield Scott Battle of Contreras - Conflict Dates: The Battle of Contreras was fought August 19-20, 1847, during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Armies Commanders United States Major General Winfield ScottMajor General William Worth8,500 men Mexico General Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaGeneral Gabriel Valencia5,000 men Battle of Contreras - Background: Though Major General Zachary Taylor had triumphed in a series of victories at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monterrey, President James K. Polk decided to shift the focus of the American war effort from northern Mexico to a campaign against Mexico City. Though this was largely due to Polks concerns about Taylors political ambitions, it was also supported by intelligence reports that an advance against Mexico City from the north would be exceptionally difficult. As a result, a new army was formed under Major General Winfield Scott and instructed to capture the key port city of Veracruz. Coming ashore on March 9, 1847, Scotts command moved against the city and captured it after a twenty-day siege. Constructing a major base at Veracruz, Scott began making plans to advance inland before yellow fever season arrived. Moving inland, Scott routed the Mexicans, led by General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna, at Cerro Gordo the following month. Pressing on, Scott captured Puebla where he paused to rest and reorganize through June and July. Resuming the campaign in early August, Scott elected to approach Mexico City from the south rather than force the enemy defenses at El Peà ±Ãƒ ³n. Rounding Lakes Chalco and Xochimilco his men arrived at San Augustin on August 18. Having anticipated an American advance from the east, Santa Anna began redeploying his army to the south and assumed a line along the Churubusco River (Map). Battle of Contreras - Scouting the Area: To defend this new position, Santa Anna placed troops under General Francisco Perez at Coyoacan with forces led by General Nicholas Bravo to the east at Churubusco. On the west end of the Mexican line was General Gabriel Valencias Army of the North at San Angel. Having established his new position, Santa Anna was separated from Scott by a vast lava field known as the Pedregal. On August 18 Scott ordered Major General William J. Worth to take his division along the direct road to Mexico City. Moving along the east edge of the Pedregal, this force came under heavy fire at San Antonio, just south of Churubusco. Unable to flank the Mexicans due to the Pedregal to the west and water to the east, Worth elected to halt. As Scott pondered his next move, Valencia, a political rival of Santa Annas, elected to abandon San Angel and moved five miles south to a hill near the villages of Contreras and Padierna. Santa Annas orders for him to return to San Angel were refused and Valencia argued he was in a better position to defend or attack depending on the enemys course of action. Unwilling to mount a costly frontal assault on San Antonio, Scott began contemplating moving up the west side of the Pedregal. To scout the route, he dispatched Robert E. Lee, recently brevetted to major for his actions at Cerro Gordo, along with an infantry regiment and some dragoons west. Pressing into the Pedregal, Lee reached Mount Zacatepec where his men dispersed a group of Mexican guerrillas. Battle of Contreras - Americans on the Move: From the mountain, Lee was confident that the Pedregal could be crossed. Relating this to Scott, he convinced his commander to change the armys line of advance. The next morning, troops from Major General David Twiggs and Major General Gideon Pillows divisions moved out and began constructing a path along the route traced by Lee. In doing so, they were unaware of Valencias presence at Contreras. By early afternoon, they had reached a point past the mountain to where they could see Contreras, Padierna, and San Geronimo. Moving down the forward slope of the mountain, Twiggs men came under fire from Valencias artillery. Countering this, Twiggs advanced his own guns and returned fire. Taking overall command, Pillow directed Colonel Bennett Riley to take his brigade to the north and west. After crossing a small river they were to take San Geronimo and cut off the enemys line of retreat. Moving over rough terrain, Riley found no opposition and occupied the village. Valencia, engaged in the artillery duel, failed to see the American column. Concerned that Riley was isolated, Pillow later directed Brigadier General George Cadwaladers brigade and Colonel George Morgans 15th Infantry to join him. As the afternoon progressed, Riley scouted the rear of Valencias position. During this time, they also detected a large Mexican force moving south from San Angel. This was Santa Anna leading reinforcements forward. Seeing the plight of his comrades across the stream, Brigadier General Persifor Smith, whose brigade was supporting the guns that were firing on Valencia, began to fear for the safety of the American forces. Unwilling to directly assault Valencias position, Smith moved his men into the Pedregal and followed the route used earlier. Joining with the 15th Infantry shortly before sunset, Smith began planning an attack on the Mexican rear. This was ultimately called off du e to darkness. Battle of Contreras - A Quick Victory: To the north, Santa Anna, faced with a difficult road and a setting sun, elected to withdraw back to San Angel. This removed the threat to the Americans around San Geronimo. Consolidating the American forces, Smith spent the evening designing a dawn attack intended to strike the enemy from three sides. Desiring permission from Scott, Smith accepted Lees offer to cross the Pedregal in the darkness to take a message to their commander. Upon meeting Lee, Scott was pleased with the situation and directed him to find troops to support Smiths effort. Locating Brigadier General Franklin Pierces brigade (temporarily led by Colonel T.B. Ransom), it was ordered to demonstrate in front of Valencias lines at dawn. During the night, Smith ordered his men as well as Rileys and Cadwaladers to form for battle. Morgan was directed to cover the road north to San Angel while Brigadier General James Shields recently arrived brigade was to hold San Geronimo. In the Mexican camp, Valencias men were cold and tired having endured a long night. They were also increasingly concerned about the whereabouts of Santa Anna. At daybreak, Smith ordered the Americans to attack. Storming forward, they routed Valencias command in a fight that lasted only seventeen minutes. Many of the Mexicans attempted to flee north but were intercepted by Shields men. Rather than come to their assistance, Santa Anna continued falling back towards Churubusco. Battle of Contreras - Aftermath: The fighting at the Battle of Contreras cost Scott around 300 killed and wounded while Mexican losses numbered approximately 700 killed, 1,224 wounded, and 843 captured. Recognizing that the victory had unhinged the Mexican defenses in the area, Scott issued a flurry of orders following Valencias defeat. Among these were orders which countermanded earlier directives for Worths and Major General John Quitmans divisions to move west. Instead, these were ordered north towards San Antonio. Sending troops west into the Pedregal, Worth quickly outflanked the Mexican position and sent them reeling north. As the day progressed, American forces drove forward on both sides of the Pedregal in pursuit of the enemy. They would catch up with Santa Anna around noon at the Battle of Churubusco. Selected Source PBS: Battle of ContrerasBattle of Contreras: Official Report Battle of Contreras - Map

Leading Teams Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leading Teams - Coursework Example a political reform. In a business point of view, a work team has members working independently on a common goal so as to produce a given output. However, a work group consists of two or more people working independently in their achievements, not necessarily working in the same department (Harvard Business School , 2013). In summary, a team works together with a common output whereas a group is more independent to one another. Logical/rational persuasion- presenting factual information and laying out unnecessary arguments is the best way to influence others. It includes putting emphasis on the positive benefits of the course of action. This technique is commonly used upwards like giving suggestions to executives on plan of actions (Hackman, 2002). Inspirational appeal- it is used in a downward fashion with the aim of influencing high performance in a group/team. The leader relates the desired outcome or activity to a set of values or ideals that are respected by the group. It appeals mostly to emotions, which are drivers of motivation. Consultation- it is a fancy word for seeking advice. Always make use of consultation when you are sure of what to do, but requesting how to do it. It works best because when one gives an input, they become more interested and committed to take the initiative. They feel appreciated and involved thus become motivated to pursue to its success. Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, C., R., Curphy, & J., G. (2012). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience (7th ed.). New York: Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R. C., & Curphy, G. J. (2012). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Nature and Characteristics of a Marketing Plan Research Proposal

Nature and Characteristics of a Marketing Plan - Research Proposal Example According to Longenecker et al. (2005, p. 295), after a marketing plan is presented in written form, it serves as an orientation for the achievement of coming operations. Needless to say, a marketing plan permits the marketer to penetrate the marketplace with an awareness of opportunities and challenges. On the other hand, a business plan gives a wide preview of the organization, which includes the employees, geographical location and goals and missions (Pride et al 2011, p. 301). The business plan provides lenders and creditors with essential information to establish whether the business is feasible, financially stable and in a position to bring profits. Just like a marketing plan, a business plan gives the strategy of value generation (Pride and Ferrell, 2012, p. 342). Marketing Plan Structure and Elements A marketing plan can be offered in diverse ways. Many organizations require a printed marketing plan since a marketing plan is big and can be multifaceted (Pride and Ferrel, 2006, p. 253). Information about the task and action obligations may be misplaced if transmitted in words. In spite of the marketing plan presentation approach, some elements are frequent in most marketing plans (Payne, et al., 2011, p. 276). They include â€Å"defining the business mission, performing a situational analysis, defining objectives, delineating a target market, and establishing components of the marketing mix† (Pride and Ferrell, 2012, p. 332). Additional components contained in a marketing plan include â€Å"budgets, implementation timetables, required marketing research or elements of advanced strategic planning† (McDonald and Wilson, 2011, p. 312). According to Walker et al. (2005, p. 156), choosing a substitute to follow is dependent on company viewpoints and traditions. The selection is also dependent on the instrument used to make the resolution. Organizations have one or two viewpoints when they anticipate profits. They either trail proceeds immediately or aim to amplify their market share and then trail the earnings (Knight, 2004, p. 167).

Literature Search on the effects of Overtime on Nursing staff

Literature Search on the effects of Overtime on Nursing staff PICO Question Numerous research studies have been completed in the last ten years linking higher nurse patient ratios to improved patient outcomes. A consequence of mandating nurse staffing levels is the use of mandatory and voluntary overtime which can lead to increased fatigue and adverse events. The use of overtime is not a solution to maintaining adequate nurse staffing levels and can have detrimental, unwanted consequences. The potential risk to nurses and patients must be explored through quality research. In an attempt to meet staffing ratios many organizations rely on the use of mandatory and voluntary overtime which leads to fatigue and adverse outcomes. P: Overtime I: Limit hours worked by RNs to 12 per 24 hours C: No limit on hours worked O: Decreased fatigue and adverse outcomes Search Strategies with Medline, CINAHL and Google Scholar Medline Using the Medline database the key words RN staffing and hour worked were entered. This resulted in 21,214 articles. To narrow this search the following limits were applied: publication years 2004-2009, English language, patient safety and medical errors. This resulted in 407 articles. To narrow to a manageable number of relevant articles the subheading of staffing: supply and distribution, and personnel staffing and scheduling were added to the previous search terms resulting in 26 current articles. A systematic review was completed using the terms RN staffing, overtime and patent safety, which provided similar results and articles. Final articles chosen were: International Experts Perspectives on the State of the Nurse Staffing and Patient Outcomes Literature by Van den Heede, et al published in the January 2007 issue of Journal of Nursing Scholarship and Correlates of medication error in hospitals by Wilkins and Shields published in the June 2008 issue of Health Reports. CINAHL Keywords entered into the CINAHL database included mandatory overtime in nursing and patient safety which resulted in 1,597 articles. By setting the parameters to articles published between 2004 and 2009 in the English language and adding the subheading of personnel staffing and scheduling and adverse outcomes a total of 31 articles were provided. Adding the subheading of quality of nursing care along with the keywords systematic review resulted in 17 final articles. The two articles chosen were: Nurse Staffing and Healthcare Outcomes: A systematic review of the International Research Evidence by Lankshear, Sheldon and Maynard published in the 2005 issue of Advances in Nursing Science and Factors Influencing the use of Registered Nurse Overtime in Hospitals, 1995-200 published by Berney, Needleman and Kovner in the second quarter 2005 issue of Journal of Nursing Scholarship. Google Scholar Keywords nurse staffing, medical errors, patient outcomes and hours worked were entered into the Google Scholar database. This search resulted in 1782 articles. Adding the parameters of articles published between 2004 and 2009 and medical, pharmacological and veterinary only yielded 442 articles. The addition of the terms mandatory overtime to the above selections resulted in 180 articles. Other variations of search terms did not yield less than 180 relevant articles. Many of these 180 articles were also found in the final Medline and CINAHL searches. The two chosen from this search included: The working hours of hospital staff nurses and patient safety published by Rogers et al in the July / August 2004 edition of Health Watch. The second article Scott et. al Effects of critical care nurses work hours on vigilance and patients safety published in the January 2006 issue of American Journal of Critical Care. Analysis of Articles from each Database Medline Analysis International Experts Perspectives on the State of the Nurse Staffing and Patient Outcomes Literature by Van den Heede et al., published in the fourth quarter 2007 issue of Journal of Nursing Scholarship is an article written to assess the variables used in research on nurse staffing and patient outcomes from the perspective of an international panel. A Delphi survey (November 2005-February 2006) of a selected expert panel from 10 countries consisting of 24 researchers specializing in nurse staffing and quality of care and 8 nurse administrators were sent a review of evidence related to 30 patient outcomes, 14 nurse staffing and 31 background variables and asked to rate the importance or usefulness of each variable for research on nurse staffing and patient outcomes. In subsequent rounds the group median, mode, frequencies, and earlier responses were sent to each respondent. The conclusions of this study provided a picture of the science on nurse staffing and patient outcomes researc h as of 2006. The findings showed a connection between human resource issues and healthcare quality based on empirical findings and opinion. While the article did focus on quality of care and nurse patient ratios, it did not provide relevant information regarding the effects of extended work hours on patient care outcomes. Correlates of medication error in hospitals by Wilkins and Shields published in the June 2008 issue of Health Reports examined associations between medication error and selected factors in the workplace of hospital employed registered nurses in Canada. Data was derived from the 2005 National Survey of the Work and Health of Nurses in Canada who deliver direct care to hospital patients. Correlates of medication error were considered in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to examine medication error in relation to work organization and workplace environment, while controlling for personal factors, including nurses general and mental health, job satisfaction, education years of experience, and clinical area of employment. The results of this study showed that nearly one-fifth of nurses reported medication error involving patients had occurred occasionally or frequently in the past year. In the fully adjusted multivariate model, medication error was positively associated with working overtime, role overload, perceived staffing or resource inadequacy. Working a 12 hour shift, compared with shorter shifts was negatively associated with medication errors. This article provided relevant information pertaining to the initial PICO question of hours worked and adverse outcomes. CINAHL Analysis The 2005 issue of Advances in Nursing Science contained the article Nurse staffing and healthcare outcomes: A systematic review of international research evidence by Lankshear et. al. The authors performed a systematic review of the literature and policy analysis and conducted interviews with key researchers in the filed in both the Untied States and the United Kingdom. The goal was to retrieve research on nurse staffing and healthcare outcomes published since 1990. A combination of electronic databases, internet and organizational web sites, and contacted researchers were queried. For each relevant study data were extracted systematically using a predesigned table to describe the type and feature of the workforce, the setting, the outcomes, the methods used, the results found, the quality of the studies and the limitations. A formal meta-analysis of the results was not able to be conducted due to the studies reporting different outcomes and use of different measure of staffing and w ays of summarizing the association between staffing and outcome. Instead, a qualitative synthesis to explore patterns in the data and possible explanations for inconsistencies such as study design, analysis, context and setting was used. The systematic review found that many of the studies were of poor quality, using data from only one unit or hospital or failing to control for case mix variations. Overall, there was found to be accumulating evidence of a relationship between nurse staffing, especially higher skill mix, and patient outcomes. However, the estimates of the nurse staffing effects are likely to be unreliable. There is emerging evidence of a curvilinear relationship that suggests that the cost effectiveness of using registered nurse levels as a quality improvement tool will gradually become less cost effective. This article addressed staffing issues and quality of care but focused little on the issue of increased work hours of nurses and patient care outcomes. Factors Influencing the Use of Registered Nurse Overtime in Hospital, 1995-2000 by Berney et al published in the second quarter 2005 issue of Journal of Nursing Scholarship, aimed to assess nurse overtime in acute care general hospitals and the factors that influenced overtime among various hospitals. Staffing data from 1995-2000 from 193 acute general hospitals in New York State were used to examine hospital characteristics to determine whether they were associated with nurse overtime. The study concluded that hospitals varied dramatically in their overtime use. Some categories, for example Government owned, used little overtime indicating that management can find substitutes for overtime to meet fluctuating staffing needs. Unionized hospitals worked slightly more overtime than did nurses in nonunionized hospitals. The finding that hospitals with similar characteristics varied greatly in their number of overtime hours also supported this conclusion. Statistical analysis was complete d with bivariate associations between nurse overtime and each hospital characteristic and independent nursing variables. The article provided valuable information on the various uses of overtime by hospitals, but did not specifically address the correlation between hours worked and adverse events. Google Scholar The July 2004 issue of Health Watch contained an article by Rogers et al, The working hours of hospital staff nurses and patient safety. A letter explaining the study and eligibility criteria was mailed to a random nationwide sample of 4,320 members of the American Nurses Association during the winter of 2002. 1.725 nurses expressed interest by returning the completed demographic questionnaire. The final sample consisted of 393 registered nurses working full time as unit based hospital staff nurses. Logbooks were completed by these participants who revealed they usually worked longer than originally schedule and that 40% of 5,317 work shifts logged exceeded 12 hours. The risk of making an error were increased when shifts were longer than 12 hours, nurses worked overtime, or when they worked more than 40 hours per week. The data from demographic questionnaires and logbooks were then summarized using descriptive statistics and frequency tables. The long and unpredictable hours document ed suggest a link between poor working conditions and treats to patient safety. This article provided relevant information pertaining to the initial PICO question. Scott et. al published Effects of Critical Care nurses work hours on vigilance and patients safety in the January 2006 issue of American Journal of Critical Care. The objectives were to describe the work patterns of critical care nurses, determine if an association existed between the occurrence of errors and the hours worked, and explore whether these work hours have adverse effects on the nurses vigilance. Data were obtained from a random sample of critical care nurses in the Untied States. Nurses eligible for the study were mailed two 14 day logbooks to fill out. Information collected included the hours worked, the time of day worked, overtime hours, days off and sleep wake patterns. On days worked, the respondents completed all work related questions and questions about difficulties in remained awake while on duty. The 502 respondents consistently worked longer than scheduled and for extended periods. Longer work duration increased the risk of errors and near errors and decreased nurses vigilance. The findings support the Institute of Medicine recommendations to minimize the use of 12 hours shifts and limit work hours to no more than 12 consecutive hours during a 24 hour period. This article contained information pertinent to the original PICO question. Article best addressing PICO Question Effects of Critical Care Nurses Work Hours on Vigilance and Patients Safety (Scott et. al., 2006) and Correlates of Medication Errors in Hospitals (Wilkins Shields, 2008) were found to be two articles that provided quality information regarding nursing hours worked and adverse patient outcomes. While the use of subjective measure of drowsiness, self report of errors and the relatively small sample of nurses used in the studies may limit the generalize-ability of the findings, the anonymity provided lends to more truthful responses. The methods allowed the nurses to disclose information that might have been unattainable if the use of standard categories for error reporting had been used. Although 12 hour shifts are popular among nurses, the findings in this study are congruent with previous reports that recommend minimizing the use of 12 hour shifts or at least limiting nurses work hours to more than 12 consecutive hours during a 24 hour period. Experience and extensive research in o ther industries has shown that accident rates increase when workers work 12 hours or longer. However, research pertaining to nurses has been relatively recent and data on accidents in healthcare facilities are not widely available. Conclusion Each database provided relevant articles containing research on the issue of the number hours worked by nurses and the effect of hours worked on patient care outcomes. Keywords nursing hours worked and patient outcomes delivered a large number of results. The methods to narrow results by placing additional parameters can be used across all databases. While there are minute differences among databases, basic search skills are universal by utilizing keywords developed in the PICO question. The final articles chosen provided data on the effects of hours worked by nurses and the potential effect on patient outcomes. While the articles addressed the limitations of the studies, the methods, data analysis and results were presented in a logical, reproducible format. The issue of the effects of long work hours has been studied extensively in other industries, such as air traffic controllers, leading to changes in work environment. Further research needs to be completed in the area of nursing regarding the effects of the long hours. These articles provide a solid basis for other researchers to build upon. The use of nursing informatics can provide databases with universal quality measures to provide more consistent, reliable data across healthcare facilities.

Car Bumper Design – materials and specifications

Bumpers are safety features fixed to the front and back of vehicles. They are design to take a certain amount of impact from a collision by acting as dampers. To improve efficiency and performance modern bumpers are design to be aerodynamic and cheap. By developing wind channels in the bumper air can be used to provide more grip and stability for a safer drive. Modern bumpers are also design to be interchangeable after impacts for low cost repair. Car manufactures tend to design their bumpers from thermoplastics as it is cheaply made and adsorbs impacts more effectively. To design an efficient bumper all possible environmental and unforeseen circumstances most be taken into account. Material specification Since metal components were more used in the design of larger vehicles a polymer based material was selected. This allowed for cheaper and easier manufacture components. To select the appropriate polymer for the bumper the fallowing applications had to be look at to obtain an overall purpose of the bumper. * Vehicle car crash Frontal-impact tests To protect pedestrians from low speed frontal-impacts standard test are performed on the front of cars. Bumpers are subject to impacting a dummy at knee height. If there isn't enough impact absorption in the bumper resulting in a broken leg test failure will occur. To combat this application material's with high absorption and tensile strength is look at first. [1] * Environmental factor Environmental factor involves a range of different topics for this project the main ones will be focus on o Recycling or disposal of the material safely and cheaply. A polymer that is commonly recyclable with low disposal costs. o Protection of the material for weather conditions. Nearly all plastic experience UV degrading from the sun or micro fractures occurring from frost over time. Finding the highest resilient polymer and adding additives should solve this problem for a suitable polymer. * Manufacturing Process During the manufacturing process the polymer will have to undergo heat treatment, compression and shearing processes. Preferably a polymer with a high melt flow index and a low melting temperature. This would allow for cheaper heating cost and quicker cycle times. Mechanical Properties To obtain the required specification of the polymer required the fallowing standard tests are performed. Property ASTM * Melt flow index D1238 * Tensile strength D638 * Tensile modulus D638 * Flexural strength D790 * Flexural Modulus D790 * Notched Izod impact test D256 Material Selection After researching different polymers and comparing mechanical properties it was found that Polypropylene polymer was mainly used in manufacturing of bumpers. PP (Polypropylene) Polypropylene is highly common material in manufacturing from furniture to carpets. The reason for its popularity is its low cost, making it suitable for the production of bumpers. Manufacturing methods: PP is suitable for extrusion, injection moulding and vacuum forming. It has a high melt flow index which allows for quicker flow through the mould. This optimises time between granulated polymer entering and leaving as a component. Its low melting point allows for cheaper heating costs. Mechanical properties: The mechanical properties for PP show high impact resistance even in low temperatures. The material is stiff, and the properties are kept over a wide temperature range. These properties allow for the polymer to experience enough flexibility to absorb small impacts while returning to its original shape. Average Melt flow index 26.8 g/10min Tensile strength 33.0 MPa Flexural strength 49.0 MPa Notched Izod impact test 2.00 kJ/mà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Melting point 159 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C Table 1 Environmental factor PP experience small amount of UV degradation but this is relatively small compared to other polymer to solve this additives are added. Though this adds further costs the benefits of the other properties compensates for loses. [3] PP is considered a type 5 plastic for recycling. It is commonly recycled fulfilling the environmental factor. Disadvantages When coating and painting the finished component it is found that polypropylene is hard to work with. Colours and dies have to be added at the right time and temperature for quality assured product. Alternative ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) exhibits a lot of PP properties. But due to high UV degradation additives are added increasing costs. Process selection Manufacturing of polymer components involve a verity of different ways. Through research injection-compression moulding was the most commonly used form of manufacturing a bumper. Injection-compression moulding Fig [1] 1. Support wall for injection and apposing compression clamp of mould 2. Mould with coolant attached 3. Main clamping forcing that applies pressure on the mould to counter react the force of injection 4. Second clamping forcing applied after injection mould process is complete. This further compresses the polymer in the mould. Due to a larger surface area more pressure is exerted completely filling the mould. 5. Secondary hydraulic ram 6. Locking levers 7. Tie Bar for supporting movement of clamp 8. Lock of point 9. Primary Hydraulic ram 10. Back support wall Injection Moulding Injection moulding involves the feeding in of granulated ABS into the feed hopper. As it is funnelled down the polymer enters the cork screw were it is slowly force up the shaft. During this process the polymer is slowly heat by the heaters surrounding the shaft. At the end the polymer is heated enough to melting temperature allowing for flow to occur. By the cork screw constantly compressing the polymer all air bubbles are force out resulting in a uniform flow of polymer been extruded through the sprue into mould. Compression moulding On entering the mould the polymer is forced to spread out to fill the mould. In conventional injection moulding the polymer would only fill about 96% of the mould. By having a partial opened mould the existing polymer in the mould can then be compress completely filling the mould. [2] By combing these two process techniques compression-injection moulding is performed. Properties Moulding machines with clamping range from 8000KN to 13000KN and a shot capacity up to 4000g m/s. Suppliers Engel, Demag, Klockner, Windsor http://www.sumitomo-shi-demag.eu/products/ Alternative Thermoforming forming of the product by place a heated blank sheet of the polymer over the mould and through suction creating the component Bumper drawings The fallowing drawings show the basic model of the part been produced. The overall thickness of the bumper throughout was taken as 10mm. The part had to be design to suit the mould so the polymer could flow easy. This involved keeping a constant flow of lines so no corners would be create and fairly uniform surface Fig. 1 Auxiliary view of bumper Fig. 2 Bumper Mould design Designing and constructing the mould requires highly precise work in both physical and theatrical ends of the process. To break even on cost a mould has to withstand a prolong cycle time. To achieve this length of time attention product quality most be reliable. Fig. 3 Mould and bumper Creating the mould involve the fallowing design parameters * Shape of bumper and tolerances * Mould had to be design for injection process * Direct gate hot runner injection system for funnelling the melted polymer from the injection system to the mould. By insulating the mould from the runner the temperature of the sprue can be maintained allowing the same left over material to be injected into the next product. * A draft angle throughout the mould and the sprue to allow for easy release. 1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ per side of the sprue * Cooling system to allow for uniform temperature during cooling * It was desire not to have sharp corners in the mould as it reduces the bumper strength while creating mould flow problems * Type of tool steel * Surface finish Mould drawings To gain a full understanding of the environment in the mould finite element modelling would have to be applied. This would give a computer aided design of the melt flow analysis throughout the mould, expected expansion and compression forces exerted during the process and cycle time prediction Fig. 4 Top of mould designed so internal dimensions of the bumper was taken Fig. 5 Bottom of mould designed so external dimensions of the bumper was taken Fig. 6 Assembly of mould Bumper Mould specification Steel Type Steel H13 was selected as it has long cycle life and shows great resistance to constant temperatures, wear, cracking and thermal shock. All these properties are associated with the manufacturing process. [5] Injection system Direct gate system. Reduces risk of blockage and allows for easy maintenance. Ejection System Robotic machine to extract the bumper from the mould with the use of suction pads. This allow for constant machine operation. Surface Finishing High gloss finish to ensure a polished surface on bumper and reduction of the bumper sticking in the mould. Mould Cycle Time: It is estimate from the polypropylene entering the mould, till extraction a time cycle of 45s exists. Cycle life If run at constant rate it is estimate that a cycle life time for the mould of a 100,000 components produced exists. Treatment Coolant channels create to maintain steady temperature. Mould coated with oil to prevent rust. Assumptions It was assumed that due to high compress and prolonged cycle times the mould would have to be highly strong and rigid. This involved making a highly thick walled and solid mould. On cooling of the polymer it was assumed that a shrinkage allowance of 0.5mm would have to be taken into account in the design of the mould. Manufacturing set-up Before production begins a manufacturing process is set. This takes into account standard working procedures and outside factors. This creates a more safe and quality assured environment. Procure material Granulated PP is source from a reliant and efficient supplier Treatment Polypropylene is dehumidified. Excess water is extracted before production occurs. This involves a pre-heating process. Feeding Granulated Polypropylene is brought to feed hopper where it is either manual feed in or through a conveyer belt machine system. Mould Top and bottom of the mould are load onto the clamps were their securely fixed. This involves crane operation and coordinated procedure as the moulds are highly heavy and can't afford to get damaged. Appropriate tonnage is applied compressing the mould. Clean Earlier material is purge out from the machine. Final check of machine operation is covered Production Polypropylene is slowly released into the cork screw and gradually begins to fill and compress. Fine tuning is performed on injection speeds, heaters, coolant temperatures, etc.. Tuning is performed till maximum efficiency is maintained. After the bumper is complete the mould is opened and the bumper is removed. Customer Bumper is deflash of excess polypropylene where injection occurs. This is either done robotically or by human intervention. The bumper is then sent off for packaging and storage where it will then go out to the customer. Factory layout Fig. 7 Factory layout from a plan view Material usage per annum It was assumed a cycle time of 45s between polymer entering and leaving mould. By taking into account other assumptions an overall estimate of components per year was found. Assumptions * Average time of 12 work hours per day * Maintenance of machinery, loading of material, organising and other factors estimate of 1 component every minute. (Estimate of 720 a day) * Average of 200000 bumpers per year. (Estimate 260 work days) * Mass of bumper 15kg Material usage per annum 3000 (metric) tons

Eusebius Pamphili Essay

Eusebius Pamphili, also called Eusebius of Caesarea, is one of the key figures ever documented in the field of church history writing/narration. He took into account essential happenings about a specific event and made accounts for people of great importance in the christian realm. Eusebius was exposed to events and he himself was an eyewitness of some martyrdom in several occasions like what happened in the persecution of Christianity in the time of the many Roman emperors. He was famous for his two historical works: â€Å"Chronicle† and â€Å"Church History†. He also wrote several books which served as references by many people like the â€Å"Apology for Origen†, â€Å"Praeparatio de Evangelica† (Preparation for the Gospel), â€Å"Demostratio Evangelica† (Proof of the Gospel), and other scholarly works that possesses historical values in itself. He appended supplements on the work, â€Å"On the Theology of the Church† to preserve the Nicene doctrine of the Logos against Athanasius principles. But perhaps another historical mark for Eusebius was his detailed accounts in the lives of the martyrs of the Palestine, Origen, and others. He also claimed that he witnessed persecutions in Egypt and Tyre. Furthermore, his prominent works in heresy hunting was also successful, an attribute only a few individual have during his time. His works, being focused in several Christian doctrines and teachings, is what makes it valuable for Christians today. This does not necessarily mean all his teachings were of absolute truth, but the fact that his works can be studied either to resolve or abhor the philosophy which depends on the bias and principle of the reader. Claiming that he had opportunities to witness such brutality made to the early Christians, it is therefore valuable to read his accounts for the readers to assess his claims as well as to consider his claims or despise the same. 1 The focal point of his work is to narrate in a very explicit way possible what transpired during that specific event based on Eusebius accounts and other writings. Taking into account what happened during the persecution experienced by Christians during that period by the authorities is also one of the main points of his writing. The so-called â€Å"Martyrs of Christ† were also mentioned in the book including the method of execution applied unto them. Having burned live, fed into wild beasts, and other mutilation process were clearly stated in the book. Moreover, he made a careful manifestation on the essential parts of the book by giving commentaries which had disputable issues involved. He also expressed contrasts in the claims of Eusebius by including accounts from other manuscripts as well, and stating its case in contrary to Eusebius claims. One clear example would be on the issue of the questionable escape by Eusebius from the persecution while the rest of his company suffered. Eusebius claimed that he escaped through the help of his friends from the authority. However, he was accused by others that he denied the faith, the main reason why he escaped from the prison. Another excerpt from the book would be the concern on his teachings regarding the basic Christian doctrine as again being challenged by other Christians. The contents of the book tackle on numerous historical accounts which are very important in studying the church history. Eusebius accounts, as well as others’ writings must be acknowledged by those who ventures into the history of the early Christians. Describing explicitly the tortures experienced by early Christians, the author carried out the gravity of the said affliction. These reasons, the author believed were some of the factors why the book had to be furnished. Critical commentaries were in scripted by the writer of the book. He clearly included both sides of the issues whenever there are conflicting sides arguing for a specific event stated. Credibility of the author depends on where he got the details included in his writing, as well as on how he presented those data he gathered. Since these issues were clearly evident in the writing of this manuscript, one can say that the author’s credibility should not be in question. There are other writers who did a great job expounding the history of the church. They also claimed reliable sources as to where they acquired the details of their writings. They presented their commentaries with objectivity, making them a likely author. These descriptions cited were also integrated in the works of the author mentioned in this entire assessment. Readers of this generation would be having a clear insight on the topics included in the manuscript made by the author. They can either approve or detest some of the details written but this writing would surely provide them a good reference in studying church history. They can also witness the author’s independent view on certain issues in the history of the church. Aside from all of these, this book should also be treated as a supplement on the topic of persecutions of the early Christians and the other details in a particular regime of past Roman emperors. The substance of a manuscript depends on several factors which includes its intrinsic importance and on how appropriate the book is in its field. This work made a great contribution in narrating events which focused on the writings of Eusebius. Stating all the ideas and principles incorporated in this writing, there is no way that this manuscript be given less importance, particularly in the grounds of studying the history of Christianity. From narrating the life of Eusebius, his circumstances, his accounts on the persecution of Christians and other relevant accounts made this book commendable.

Corporate Finance The Objectives Of Corporate Financial...

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Shareholders’ wealth maxim isation is the primary objective of a company and certain strategies are implemented to achieve this objective and they will be analysed. Financial planning or Budgeting is also key to the success of any business and this will also be looked at in terms of understanding how to consult and improve this privately owned company. Objectives Maximisation of long-term shareholders’ wealth The objective of every business is to maximise its value. The value of the business is determined byShow MoreRelatedBrief Introduction Overview of McGraw Hills 9th Edition of Fundamentals of Corporate Finance655 Words   |  3 PagesReview Fundamentals of Corporate Finance – Ross, Westerfield, Jordan McGraw Hill Education (India), 2012, 878 Pp 9th edition ISBN: 13:978-1-25-9027628 Kumar Ratnesh* About Authors Stephen A. Ross is the Franco Modigliant Professor of Finance Economics at the Sloan School of management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Randolph W. 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